Voici un post sur le football americain
peut etre peut on prendre quelques inspirations de leur strategie (par exemple le joueur contre joueur ou le zonage, ou la repartition des charges...)
meme si le ballon comence toujours au milieu de la Ligne Of Scrimmage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football_strategy
Linemen
Center: The Center ("C") is the player who snaps the ball to the quarterback. Like the other four linemen, his job consists of both run blocking, which means pushing the defenders away from the ball carrier on a running play, and pass blocking, which means stopping the defenders from disrupting or tackling the passer. The center is also usually responsible for calling the blocking schemes on the line, directing the other linemen on who blocks whom.
Guard: Guards ("G") line up on both sides of the center. The guards are generally bigger than the center and are typically better run blockers than pass blockers.
Tackle: Tackles ("T") are the "bookends" of the offensive line. They are usually the biggest offensive linemen (at the NFL level they are typically at least 300 lbs, and as tall as 6'9"), but also must be agile enough to thwart any outside pass rush. If a team has a righthanded quarterback, the left tackle is usually the best pass blocker on the line to prevent a "blindside" pass rush the quarterback might not see. Generally, tackles ideally have great "hands" and even better foot work. Left tackles are the most highly valued players on an offensive line as most quarterbacks are righthanded.
[edit] Backs
Quarterback: The Quarterback ("QB") lines up directly behind center. The quarterback must take the ball from the Center (in a motion called the 'snap') and put it into play. In most offenses, his primary duty is either passing (throwing) the ball or making the opposing team believe he is going to pass the ball while actually handing it off to a running back ("RB") who carries the ball downfield. Since passing the ball is an offense's quickest way to advance the ball, a team must have a quarterback who can throw the ball accurately and make quick, correct decisions as to which player is in the best position to receive the throw. In some offenses, the quarterback is often called upon to run the ball downfield as part of the play, and a quarterback might have to take the ball and run if his screen of protective players breaks down and there are no open receivers. On "trick plays" sometimes the quarterback becomes the receiver, depending on the alignment, wherein a running back or wide receiver attempts a pass to him, after a hand-off, direct snap from the center, or lateral pass from the quarterback to either position.
Halfback: The Halfback ("HB") is traditionally only used in the Wing T and Stack I formations. In the Stack I, he lines up behind the quarterback and behind the fullback and mostly runs the ball. He may also line up just outside and behind the tightend, or the Wingback ("WB") position, and be used to either block on the outside or run a pass route.
Fullback: The Fullback ("FB") is also a running back, but in recent years, the fullback position has developed into more of a blocking back, and in some schemes a receiver. The fullback is usually the bigger, more physical of the two running backs, and so the quarterback will often hand the ball to his fullback in short yardage situations where every inch must be earned the hard way.
Tailback: The Tailback ("TB"), is on the field for one major purpose: to run the ball. If a team is to have an effective running game, it falls on the tailback's shoulders. He may have blocking duties in some offenses and on some plays he may become a receiver, but in most offenses, the tailback is there to run the ball. The tailback is often simply called a running back. This designation is often applied to halfbacks as well.
[edit] Receivers
Wide receiver: Depending on the formation, an offense may have anywhere from zero to five wide receivers ("WR"). Most base formations feature two WRs, though three-WR formations are common as well. A WR who lines up on the line of scrimmage may be referred to as a Split End, while a WR off the line of scrimmage may be called a Flanker, Wingback or Slotback. WRs are among the fastest and most agile players on the team and their job is to get "open" (create separation between themselves and defenders), catch the ball when thrown to them, and run after the catch. Well-rounded receivers are also effective downfield blockers, though effectiveness in that regard is secondary to their pass-catching role.
Tight end: The Tight End ("TE") was traditionally a blocking position but is now considered a hybrid wide receiver/lineman. TEs are among the most well-rounded athletes on the field as they must be strong enough to run block and pass block, and agile enough to run pass routes and effectively catch the football. A TE's size presents matchup problems for smaller defenders, such as cornerbacks, while their speed gives them an advantage versus larger but slower defenders such as linebackers. In the 1980s, Washington Redskins coach Joe Gibbs developed a hybrid TE/fullback position called "H-Back"; this player is usually TE-sized and replaces the fullback on the field, but has more pass-catching responsibility and less running unless "flexed" to the usual FB alignment. The H-Back may line up as a second TE on the opposite side from the first, but most commonly lines up immediately behind the first TE. Consequently, that position is still important in the Redskins' offense as of 2006.
[edit] Offensive formations
Before the ball is snapped the offensive team lines up in a formation. Most teams have a "base" formation they prefer to line up in, while other teams leave the defense guessing. Teams will often have "special formations" which they only use in obvious passing situations, short yardage or goaline situations, or formations they have developed for that particular game just to confuse the defense. Because there are a nearly unlimited number of possible formations, only a few of the more common ones are listed below.
Pro set http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_set
Shotgun formation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_formation
Wishbone formation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishbone_formation
I formation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_formation
Goal Line formation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_formation#Common_variations
Single set Back http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_set_Back
Merci Wiki
par 
Sujet: National Football League 
